Burka

Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru
Wanawake kwenye soko nchini Afghanistan wakivaa wamevaa burka.

Burka (pia burqa, kutoka Kiar. برقع‎) ni vazi la wanawake linalofunika mwili wote pamoja na kichwa na uso. Burqa huvaliwa na wanawake Waislamu katika maeneo kadhaa ambako ni utamaduni wa kawaida. Katika Afghanistan wanawake walilazimishwa kuivaa chini ya utawala wa Taliban kila walipotoka kwenye nyumba. Majina mengine ya burqa ni "chadori" katika Afghanistan na "paranja" katika nchi jirani za Asia ya Kati kama Tajikistan na Uzbekistan.

Wafuasi wa Uislamu wa mwelekeo wa Salafi mara nyingi wanadai eti ni lazima mwanamke kufunika uso wote akitoka nje ya nyumba anapoweza kuonekana kwa wanaume wasio wa familia yake.

Vazi linalofanana na burka huvaliwa pia na wanawake wa kundi dogo la Wayahudi wenye itikadi kali nchini Israeli.[1]

Vazi lingine la kufunika uso ni nikabu iliyotumiwa Uarabuni na kati ya wanawake wanaofuata itikadi ya Salafi kali. Lakini nikabu haifuniki macho, tofauti na burka. Wataalamu Waislamu wengi hawakubali sharti la kufunika uso wa wanawake [2][3] [4].

Nchi zinazokataza uvaaji wa burka;
Nyekundu nyeusi: Uvaaji wa hadharani unakatazwa kote
Njano: Uvaaji unakatazwa katika maeneo kadhaa
Pinki: Uzalishaji na biashara hukatazwa
Zambarau: Hukatazwa katika majengo ya serikali na mahali pa kazi.

Nchi kadhaa zimekataza kuvaa burka nje ya nyumba zikiwa na sheria zinazokataza mavazi zinazofunika uso, kwa mfano Austria, Ufaransa, Ubelgiji, Denmark, Bulgaria [5][6][7] Luxemburg,[8] Uswisi,[9] Gabon, Chad, Senegal[10][11], Sri Lanka[12], Tajikistan,[13] Uzbekistan[14], na China[15]. Katika nchi nyingi hairuhusiwi kutumia usafiri wa umma au kuingia katika shule, vyuo au majengo ya serikali ukiwa na vazi linalofunika uso.

Marejeo[hariri | hariri chanzo]

  1. "The ultra Orthodox Jewish sect where women cover themselves from head to toe" (kwa English). EFE. 9 Machi 2017. Iliwekwa mnamo 17 Agosti 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. Juan Eduardo Campo, ed. (2009). "Burqa". Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438126968 . https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA119. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  3. al-Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf. "Is Wearing the Niqāb Obligatory for Women?". SuhaibWebb.com. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 9 Julai 2014. Iliwekwa mnamo 16 Novemba 2015. {{cite web}}: More than one of |accessdate= na |access-date= specified (help); More than one of |archivedate= na |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= na |archive-url= specified (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. Hadia Mubarak (2009). "Burqa". In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  5. "The Islamic veil across Europe", BBC News, 2018-05-31. 
  6. "Where are 'burqa bans' in Europe?". Deutsche Welle (kwa Kiingereza (Uingereza)). 1 Agosti 2019. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 17 Machi 2021. Iliwekwa mnamo 14 Machi 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. Tan, Rebecca. "From France to Denmark, bans on full-face Muslim veils are spreading across Europe", Washington Post, August 16, 2018. (en-US) 
  8. Alexandra Parachini. "Le Luxembourg a désormais sa loi burqa | Le Quotidien" (kwa Kifaransa). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 17 Agosti 2021. Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-03-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  9. "Switzerland referendum: Voters support ban on face coverings in public", BBC News, 2021-03-07. (en-GB) 
  10. "The veil in west Africa - Banning the burqa", The Economist, 2016-02-11. 
  11. "Après le Tchad et le Cameroun, le Sénégal renonce à la burqa et à ses suppôts". Franceinfo (kwa Kifaransa). 2015-11-20. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 18 Machi 2021. Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-03-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  12. Colombo, Associated Press in (2021-03-13). "Sri Lanka to ban burqa and close 1,000 Islamic schools". The Guardian (kwa Kiingereza). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 14 Machi 2021. Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-03-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  13. "Tajikstan passes law 'to stop Muslim women wearing hijabs'". The Independent (kwa Kiingereza). 2017-09-01. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 6 Septemba 2017. Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-03-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  14. Reuters Staff. "Uzbek imam sacked after urging president to allow hijabs, beards", Reuters, 2018-09-10. (en) 
  15. "China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang", 13 January 2015. 
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